The radiation from RF-EMF can cause DNA damage, tissue heating and alter the blood brain barrier. These are real-world effects, and ARPANSA is active in collaborating within the EHS group, the medical specialists as well as researchers. The agency will continue to examine research regarding the health effects caused by EMF radiation. RF-EMF can cause DNA damage The exposure to electromagnetic fields created by humans (EMFs) are associated with DNA damage as well as adverse health consequences. EMFs can alter intracellular ionic concentrations, which are crucial to maintain the electrochemical balance of cells. It can also disrupt cell homeostasis, resulting to DNA destruction. Moreover exposure to EMFs can also trigger an overproduction of free radicals as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS). The exposure to radiation from RF-EMF has been linked with alterations in the development of male germ cells. This is due to the development of germ cells into spermatozoa, as well as functional maturation as the spermatozoa pass throughout the epididymis. To determine the effect of RF-EMF exposure on the development of male germ cells, a specifically-designed waveguide machine was designed for the exposure of mice without restriction to RF-EMF at 2.2 W/kg. In a study that was conducted recently, researchers found that exposure to RF-EME caused oxidative DNA damage in the spermatozoa. Sperm DNA fragmentation increased by 18% following an entire week of treatment and by 23 percent after 5 weeks. Furthermore, DNA damage in mitochondria was observed by measuring the level of a biomarker, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG). However, the RF-EMF radiation has not yet been considered to be a carcinogen. But, several studies have found that exposure to RF-EMF radiation can damage DNA integrity in a variety of cell types. In one such study, scientists were exposed Vero cell lines to EMF that was 100Hz, for 45 minutes. They assessed DNA damage for within 48 hours of exposure to determine whether the exposure affected the integrity of DNA. RF-EMF causes tissue heating While the effects of RF-EMF are typically believed to have thermal origins, a few studies have revealed that non-thermal effects are also evident. These may be the reason for some of the unresolved issues in epidemiological studies on EMF hypersensitivity. This is why it is crucial to consider the non-thermal effects when conducting an exhaustive review. The non-thermal effects of RF-EMF may occur at the cell membrane. This is an area where research has been extensively studied. In particular the electrochemical properties of cell membranes is being studied. It is believed that energy from RF-EMF higher than 1 MHz is transmitted to the tissue through dielectric as well as Ionic dissipation. Studies of the theory have suggested that the energy that is transferred to the tissue could be as high as 200 kV/m. The electric properties of tissue are controlled in the form and quantity of water molecules and ions, and other molecules within the body. Proteck'd Apparel determines how absorbent EMR from RF is absorbed by different tissues. The tissues with the highest conductivity tend to absorb more of the field, and thus cause more of an impact. This is why the level of heat generated by tissue doesn't increase continuously between the outside and inside however, it is more prevalent in hot spots. Bone and fatty tissue is less susceptible to heating by RF than other tissues, because they are low in water content. The depth of penetration of electromagnetic fields depends on the strength and frequency of field. Muscle tissue is more able to absorb field energies than the other tissue and converts it to heat more effectively. Typically the depth of penetration for RF EMF is determined as millimeters (mm). However, the greater the frequency, the deeper the penetration. RF-EMF causes blood-brain barrier disruption Researchers have found that RF-EMF can alter the blood-brain-barrier, altering sleep patterns and neurotransmitter levels. In addition the impacts of EMF on brain activity have been linked to neurodegenerative disorders. For instance, EMF from mobile phones can affect electroencephalogram activity and sleep patterns, and the activities of nitric oxide and xanthin oxidase. Researchers at the Vienna University have studied the effects of RF-EMF exposure in brain cells. They also studied how ELF EMF on the brain system. While the mechanisms of the cell that are involved aren't fully understood but there is a clear relationship between exposure to ELF EMF and depletion of myelin. This relationship might account for the electro-hypersensitivity symptoms of electro-hypersensitivity. However, there are proven methods for regenerating myelin inside the brain. Researchers have found that exposure to frequencies of 900 Mhz EMF enhanced the permeability of BBB and increased signs of neuronal damage in rodents. They also observed an increase in the extravasation of albumin into neurons. Additionally, they observed in 30 minutes exposure to 900 MHz 99mTc-MIBI accelerated its permeation into the brain. But this effect did not happen with Evans blue injections. Despite these findings, RF EMF does not have a clear mechanism to disrupt the BBB. Research suggests that EMF exposure can increase erythrocyte membrane permeability, which may affect the BBB and enhance the efflux of calcium ions. Moreover, the presence of a 99mTc-MIBI radiotracer in the brain has also been associated with increased permeability of the BBB.
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